Regulation of vascular tone by adipocytes

Regulation of vascular tone by adipocytes

Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue is an active endocrine and paracrine organ secreting several mediators called adipokines. Adipokines include hormones, inflammatory cytokines and other proteins. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, resulting in an overproduction of proinflammatory adipokines and a lower production of anti-inflammatory adipokines. The pathological accum...

Endothelial regulation of vascular tone.

Regulation of vascular growth and tone by hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colourless, flammable gas with a characteristic pungent smell. Until recently, the H2S literature was focused in the toxicology of this agent. Exposure to H2S concentrations lower than 100 ppm lead to eye irritation, sore throat, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, while exposure to 1000 ppm or more causes central nervous system toxicity and ...

Astrocyte regulation of cerebral vascular tone.

Cerebral blood flow is controlled by two crucial processes, cerebral autoregulation (CA) and neurovascular coupling (NVC) or functional hyperemia. Whereas CA ensures constant blood flow over a wide range of systemic pressures, NVC ensures rapid spatial and temporal increases in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation. The focus of this review is to discuss the cellular mechanisms...

Regulation of vascular tone, molecular mechanisms.

V ASCULAR tone, a state of maintained contraction of the smooth muscle in the vessel wall, is the process by which the blood vessel carries out its physiologic functions, its pharmacologic responses, and its pathologic changes. Current research directed at an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate vascular tone is progressing at a rapid rate. The state of this art was surveyed ...